A Shape?Variable, Low?Temperature Liquid Metal–Conductive Polymer Aqueous Secondary Battery

A shape-variable aqueous secondary battery operating at low temperature is developed using Ga68In22Sn10 (wt%) as a liquid metal anode and conductive polymer (polyaniline (PANI)) cathode. In the GaInSn alloy anode, Ga active component, while Sn increase acid resistance decrease eutectic point to -19 °C. This enables use of strongly acidic electrolytes (here, pH 0.9), thereby improving activity stability PANI Consequently, exhibits excellent electrochemical performance mechanical stability. The GaInSn–PANI operates via hybrid mechanism Ga3+ stripping/plating Cl? insertion/extraction delivers high reversible capacity over 223.9 mAh g?1 an 80.3% retention rate 0.2 after 500 cycles, well outstanding power energy densities 4300 mW 98.7 mWh g?1, respectively. Because without packaging can be deformed with small force several millinewtons any loss. Moreover, approximately -5 °C, 67.8 100% elasticity. Thus, promising deformable device temperatures in demanding environments.